Diabetes develops as a persistent health issue from two possible causes: insufficient insulin production combined with insulin resistance. Insulin acts as a vital body hormone which maintains proper blood glucose (blood sugar) control systems in the body. The impairment of insulin function leads to blood glucose accumulation that causes hyperglycemia which represents an uncontrolled diabetes effect. Long-term exposure of high blood sugar creates serious damage to nerves as well as blood vessels. Diabetes mainly occurs due to pancreatic gland abnormalities. Medical care plans involving surgery become essential for specific patients based on pancreatic damage extent and location along with health status and personal treatment preferences.